Tuesday, March 27, 2012

Before and After for Anabolic Effects by Jerry Brainum

Various studies have illustrated the fact that when you consume nutrients affects muscular growth and recovery from intense training. Most research shows that taking a protein-and-carb drink both before and after training leads to increased muscle size and strength. The drink before training leads to greater amino acid entry into muscle—due to the increased blood circulation induced by exercise. Having it after provides the amino acids needed for muscle protein synthesis and the carbs needed to replenish depleted muscle glycogen stores. (You must replenish those glycogen stores to ensure complete recovery between workouts.)
     A study by Australian researcher Paul Cribb, Ph.D., examined how the intake of protein and carbs is affected by a high-protein diet and whether such an eating plan diminishes the requirement for supplemental protein and carbs. What happens when you add creatine to the mix—does it increase muscle gains more than just protein and carbs alone?
    The primary purpose of the study was to compare the effects of supplement timing. The subjects, who were all bodybuilders, followed their usual diets in addition to taking the supplements. The subjects, divided into two groups, were all monitored during the course of a 10-week weight-training program.
One group took in one gram per kilogram of bodyweight of a combination of whey protein, carbohydrate and creatine before and after a workout. The other group had the same combination in the morning and evening, away from the workout.
     Having the supplement before and after training resulted in greater improvements in strength and body composition. Specifically, the men in that group gained more muscle and lost more bodyfat. Cribb noted that essential amino acids taken before and after training promote a higher level of muscle protein synthesis. The simple carb used in the study, glucose, enhanced the anabolic effect by promoting an insulin release that led to greater amino acid uptake into muscle. The carbs also reduced muscle protein breakdown during the workout, which further enhanced the anabolic effect. The fast-acting whey was particularly effective, since the rapid protein release sets into motion molecular processes that result in muscle protein synthesis.
Those in the pre- and postworkout group also showed higher muscle creatine levels than the other group.        
     Cribb suggested that the creatine intake enhanced cellular energy reactions and may have upgraded muscle hypertrophy–related gene activity.The pre- and postworkout group also had higher muscle glycogen levels, thought to be related to the intake of simple carbs. Increased muscle glycogen aids muscle repair processes after intense exercise, as well as replenishing the primary fuel for bodybuilding, glycogen. Sufficient glycogen replenishment ensures more intense workouts and, subsequently, greater gains in muscular size and strength.
The study underscores the importance of nutrient timing; that is, taking in nutrients when the need for them is most critical. In practical terms, that means taking in a combination of protein, carbs and creatine before and after training. Taking the same nutrients at other times won’t produce comparable results.

Cribb, P.J., and Hayes, A. (2006). Effects of supplement timing and resistance exercise on skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Med Sci Exer Sports. 38(11):1918-25.

©,2013 Jerry Brainum. Any reprinting in any type of media, including electronic and foreign is expressly prohibited.
 

Please consider joining this blog by clicking on the blue "join this site" button to the right of this blog. This will ensure that new blogs continue to be published. It costs nothing, and takes only a few seconds. Thank you.

See Jerry's book at  http://www.jerrybrainum.com


Saturday, March 24, 2012

Can Too Much Protein Smother Muscle Gains? by Jerry Brainum

     Myostatin is a protein that prevents gains in muscle size and strength. Animals born deficient in the enzymes that produce myostatin show remarkable muscular size and less bodyfat. It doesn’t take a scientist to realize that depressing myostatin production is a good thing for bodybuilding purposes.
    A high-protein diet is considered necessary for building muscle and strength. Among its other effects is that certain amino acids (the elemental ingredients in protein) directly turn on genes that dictate muscle protein synthesis. Most notable are the essential amino acids, especially branched-chain amino acids.
      And yet, a recent study suggests that if you eat too much protein, you’ll defeat the entire purpose of bodybuilding.1 The researchers who conducted the study say that negative effects of a high-protein diet are caused by an increase in myostatin that results from higher protein intake.
The study featured rats, which were placed into one of three groups:
  1. 15 percent protein
  2. 25 percent protein
  3. 35 percent protein
      The protein was casein, a high-quality milk protein, and each group also got fat and carbohydrate. After three weeks the rats in the 35 percent protein group had the highest levels of myostatin synthesis. The 15 percent protein group had the lowest levels, while those in the 25 percent group showed a moderate myostatin increase. Based on that, the authors suggest that for building muscle, you shouldn’t take in more than 15 to 25 percent of your daily calories as protein.
     Before condemning a protein intake of 35 percent or greater as having negative effects on muscle growth, though, you need to consider a few issues. For one thing, the study used rats as experimental subjects, and the same results may not be applicable to humans, although some human studies have indeed shown no additional stimulation of muscular growth if the diet exceeds 15 percent protein.
     Nor did the rats in the study exercise, and past studies have shown an interaction between exercise—particularly weight training—and myostatin release. Most studies show that lifting weights blunts myostatin synthesis. In fact, a human study reported at the Experimental Biology 2006 meeting showed results that contradict the rat study.2
      Subjects in a control group got 15 percent of total calories as protein, and a high-protein group had a diet that was 29 percent protein. Both groups also engaged in weight training. After 24 hours of recovery from the exercise both groups had a 50 percent reduction in myostatin synthesis rates. By the 48-hour mark those in the high-protein group showed lower levels of myostatin than the control group. So the authors suggest that a high-protein diet extends the myostatin-blunting activity of weight training, thus promoting more muscular growth.
      Eating a higher-protein diet without lifting weights may increase myostatin release, but adding a weight workout blunts it.
References
1 Nakazato, K., et al. (2006). Increased myostatin synthesis in rat gastrocnemius muscles under high protein diet. Int J Sports Nutr Exer Metab. 16:153-165.
2 Pilegaard, H., et al. (2006). Resistance exercise and protein intake downregulate myostatin mRNA in human skeletal muscle. Paper presented at the Experimental Biology 2006 meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, in San Francisco, California.

  

©,2015 Jerry Brainum. Any reprinting in any type of media, including electronic and foreign is expressly prohibited

Have you been ripped off  by supplement makers whose products don’t work as advertised? Want to know the truth about them? Check out Jerry Brainum's book Natural Anabolics, available at JerryBrainum.com.

 

The Applied Ergogenics blog is a collection of articles written and published by Jerry Brainum over the past 20 years. These articles have appeared in Muscle and Fitness, Ironman, and other magazines. Many of the posts on the blog are original articles, having appeared here for the first time. For Jerry’s most recent articles, which are far more in depth than anything that appears on this blog site, please subscribe to his Applied Metabolics Newsletter, at www.appliedmetabolics.com. This newsletter, which is more correctly referred to as a monthly e-book, since its average length is 35 to 40 pages, contains the latest findings about nutrition, exercise science, fat-loss, anti-aging, ergogenic aids, food supplements, and other topics. For 33 cents a day you get the benefit of Jerry’s 53 years of writing and intense study of all matters pertaining to fitness,health, bodybuilding, and disease prevention.

 

See Jerry's book at  http://www.jerrybrainum.com

 

Want more evidence-based information on exercise science, nutrition and food supplements, ergogenic aids, and anti-aging research? Check out Applied Metabolics Newsletter at www.appliedmetabolics.com

 

Thursday, March 8, 2012

Awesome Asparagus by Jerry Brainum

 It’s a veggie with radical health benefits


The U.S. government recently upgraded its recommended intake of fruits and vegetables from five to nine servings a day. If you look at nutrition research, however, you’ll find that the optimal intake of fruits and vegetables is at least 11 servings a day. Such foods contain thousands of chemicals called phytonutrients that are not found anywhere else, including most supplements.
   Most phytonutrients pro­vide po­tent detoxifying and antioxidant effects. That’s the reason fruits and vegetables help prevent the two greatest killers: cardiovascular disease and cancer. The plant chemicals are so potent that they can interact with genes in many of their activities in the body. A recent example of the power of natural foods comes from a study involving asparagus.
    Asparagus has natural diuretic and antiviral properties and fosters antimutagenic activity, or the destruction of incipient tumors. The vegetable’s only known side effect is that it can impart a pungent odor to urine in some people. The odor comes from the six sulfur compounds, including DMSO, that it contains. The odor of asparagus also varies with the genetics of people who eat it and is not exhibited or even detected by everyone.
    In the new study asparagus was found to have potent insulin-stimulating effects while simul­taneously inhibiting starch digestion. An in vitro, or isolated-cell, study, the experiment involved pancreatic cells, which secrete insulin. When the cells were exposed to both an asparagus extract and glucose, or sugar, insulin activity increased by 19 to 248 percent. The extract produced an 81 percent increase of glucose uptake into fat cells, an effect attributed to a possible increase in cellular glucose-transporting proteins. Asparagus also produced a 21 percent decrease in starch digestion.
    The effect is connected to an interaction with calcium ions in the beta cells of the pancreas, where insulin is synthesized and released. A drug that blocks calcium ion activity also prevented the effect of asparagus on insulin release from the beta cells.
     How can bodybuilders use the information? First, eating asparagus may be useful for those with a genetic predisposition for diabetes, because asparagus may help increase insulin effectiveness. Since insulin is also a potent anabolic hormone, asparagus may be useful for those who want to increase insulin release for purposes of increased muscle protein and glycogen synthesis.
    While the starch-blocking effect sounds useful for promoting fat loss, the authors note that it may not work as well in the human body as it does in a cell culture.

Mathews, J.N., Flatt, P.R., and Abdel-Wahab, Y.H. (2006). Asparagus adscendens (Shweta musali) stimulates insulin secretion, insulin action and inhibits starch digestion. Br J Nutr. 95(3):576-81.


©,2015 Jerry Brainum. Any reprinting in any type of media, including electronic and foreign is expressly prohibited


Have you been ripped off  by supplement makers whose products don’t work as advertised? Want to know the truth about them? Check out Jerry Brainum's book Natural Anabolics, available at JerryBrainum.com.

 

The Applied Ergogenics blog is a collection of articles written and published by Jerry Brainum over the past 20 years. These articles have appeared in Muscle and Fitness, Ironman, and other magazines. Many of the posts on the blog are original articles, having appeared here for the first time. For Jerry’s most recent articles, which are far more in depth than anything that appears on this blog site, please subscribe to his Applied Metabolics Newsletter, at www.appliedmetabolics.com. This newsletter, which is more correctly referred to as a monthly e-book, since its average length is 35 to 40 pages, contains the latest findings about nutrition, exercise science, fat-loss, anti-aging, ergogenic aids, food supplements, and other topics. For 33 cents a day you get the benefit of Jerry’s 53 years of writing and intense study of all matters pertaining to fitness,health, bodybuilding, and disease prevention.

 

See Jerry's book at  http://www.jerrybrainum.com

 

Want more evidence-based information on exercise science, nutrition and food supplements, ergogenic aids, and anti-aging research? Check out Applied Metabolics Newsletter at www.appliedmetabolics.com

 

Monday, March 5, 2012

What You Need and What Works— From a Scientific Point of View by Jerry Brainum

   No doubt you’ve seen the claims: “4,000 percent more potent than creatine monohydrate.” In fact, so many far-fetched claims have been made for supplements in recent years—particularly the ones that help you build muscle and lose bodyfat—that people have come to believe that all supplements are just expensive forms of snake oil. Others echo medical professionals who implore people to get their nutrients only from real food.


   It isn’t a bad idea to look to food first for your nutrients. The problem is, few people eat a large enough variety of foods to meet all nutritional requirements. Dieters limit or eliminate foods that contain vital nutrients. An example is the essential fatty acids: alpha-linoleic acid, or omega-3, and linoleic acid, or omega-6. Those who limit fat intake may not eat as much essential fats as they need for health and fitness.

   While alpha-linoleic acid, or ALA, is listed as the essential form of the omega-3 fatty acids, the body has to convert it into DHA and EPA, the actual elemental omega-3 fatty acids. They are present naturally in fatty fish such as mackerel, sardines and herring. If you don’t get several servings of this type of fatty fish each week, you’re probably deficient in omega-3 fats because your body can’t efficiently convert ALA into EPA and DHA, especially if you’re a man.

   If you don’t eat fatty fish, you need to take an omega-3 food supplement. Food supplements are a way of providing important nutrients that your daily diet doesn’t supply. A broader definition would include performance supplements, which aren’t necessarily required nutrients. When taken in excess of what’s found in food sources or synthesized in the body, however, they can provide ergogenic effects, improving your workouts as well as your muscle-building results, or help you lose excess fat.

A Brief History

of Food Supplements

   The earliest known commercial food supplements were offered in the 1950s. Most were crude compared to present-day versions, but they proved popular. One of the first protein products was sold by Irvin Johnson in Chicago—a milk-and-egg protein formulation that was years ahead of its time. Johnson somehow figured out that milk and eggs were two of the best proteins, perhaps because they served as the initial food for many animals and thus were associated with growth.

   Johnson refined his formulation over the years and eventually moved to California, changing his name to Rheo Blair. His milk-and-egg protein was a sensation in bodybuilding and movie circles in the ’60s. One of Blair’s suggestions for those who found it hard to gain weight and muscle was to mix his protein with heavy cream and one of his flavored extracts; coconut was especially suitable. Some of Blair’s followers were the preeminent bodybuilders of the era, including the first Mr. Olympia, Larry Scott, who won that title in 1965.

   Around the same time Blair was selling his protein, Bob Hoffman and his York Barbell Company were selling their soy-based protein formulas. None of them contained high-quality protein, despite the ads Hoffman ran in his magazines, Strength & Health and Muscular Development. Another York product was Protein from the Sea. Ostensibly made from some type of seaweed, it had the consistency of sawdust and tasted like dehydrated fish scales. Its highest and best use was as an emetic (vomit inducer).

   As scientific research progressed, it became apparent that the best types of protein came from milk and eggs. That led to the next great revolution in sports nutrition, the engineered food, pioneered by Scott Connelly, M.D., a critical care specialist from Northern California who teamed with a young entrepreneur named Bill Phillips from Golden, Colorado. They marketed the product Met-Rx, a milk protein–based supplement that contained enough added nutrients to qualify as a meal replacement. Phillips’ clever marketing led to a surge in Met-Rx’s popularity, followed by the marketing of similar products that continues today.

   The sports-supplement industry has burgeoned over the past decade, and countless products are on the market. While some have research to back up the many claims made for them, others are supported by little more than a well-known athlete’s endorsement.


   Because so many product labels list scientific references to back up the manufacturers’ claims of performance and efficacy, or effectiveness, it’s important to understand what constitutes a solid scientific study. A single study, even an optimally designed one, isn’t considered scientific proof. The results have to be replicated several times before they’re officially accepted as fact.

   On the other hand, it’s also unrealistic to expect food supplements to undergo the same rigorous testing the government mandates for approval of a drug. Drug companies spend millions on lab testing, animal studies and human field trials designed to provide safety and efficacy of drugs. The exorbitant expense of similar testing for supplements is beyond the resources of every company selling them. Pharmaceutical companies reap the rewards of their approval effort by obtaining exclusive rights to sell the drug for a price vastly greater than the cost of manufacture.

   When looking at studies supposedly proving the efficacy of food supplements, you must first see who or what the experimental subjects were. For example, a study can feature isolated cells, animals or humans as subjects, and what happens in isolated cells isn’t always what happens in the human body. Take the case of the relationship between vitamin B12 and C. In a test-tube environment vitamin C destroys B12. That doesn’t happen in the human body.

   In another case supplements touted as “myostatin blockers” were formulated from a type of sea algae. In a test tube they effectively blocked the activity of the protein myostatin, which inhibits muscular growth in the body. The supplement ads implied that they’d enable you to develop unprecedented levels of muscular growth, but as it turned out, they didn’t actually work in the human body.

   Animal studies are also of questionable relevance. The practice of vivisection in animal studies raises serious questions of human morality, since it involves pure, unadulterated pain and torture of innocent animals. Even worse, much of what happens in animals doesn’t occur in humans. Rats, for example, store large amounts of glycogen but have little capacity for fat storage. When lab rats get supplementary dietary fat, they show a considerable increase in endurance. The same just isn’t true of humans. An article in the British Medical Journal noted that many animal studies are poorly controlled and designed, their major justification being to secure financial grants. At most, animal studies may suggest application to human experience, but nothing more.

   Even human studies can be misinterpreted or manipulated. A few years ago a then-esoteric trace mineral called boron was found to increase testosterone, but only in older women, as it turned out. When boron was tested in young men engaged in weight training, it proved worthless for increasing testosterone. That doesn’t mean boron is useless; it helps the body use the minerals calcium and magnesium, and it appears to increase mental alertness.

    Another typical flaw is applying information derived from a study of those with a deficiency or illness to healthy persons. The trace mineral vanadium, or vanadyl, acts like insulin in diabetes patients, helping control elevated blood glucose levels. It was marketed to bodybuilders as an “anabolic mineral” that would work like insulin to push amino acids into muscle, replenish depleted glycogen stores and lower bodyfat. In fact, vanadyl does none of those things in nondiabetics. In fact, some studies show that it can blunt amino acid entry into cells and promote bodyfat gain.

   Studies of so-called smart drugs have also been taken out of context. Some “smart” nutrients, available over the counter, are marketed as a way to “increase mental focus and concentration during training.” The problem is that the studies they’re based on involved either animals or people with brain pathology. In normal people the effects of smart drugs remain unproven, except anecdotally.

   Still another frequent error made by consumers is trusting the efficacy of a product because a “scientist” endorses it as being effective. While having an advanced education in science may enable a person to more easily separate sense from nonsense, it’s also true, as Howard Hughes is reputed to have said, that “everyone has a price.” Several men with legitimate degrees, including doctorate and medical degrees, have endorsed products that later proved worthless. Those guys were either on the payroll of manufacturers or owned the companies themselves.


So, What Are the TOP 10?

   Keeping these caveats in mind, let’s survey the top 10 sports supplements. Remember, too, that what’s best for one bodybuilder may be entirely unsuitable for another. A trainee who finds it difficult to eat enough food to gain lean body mass could use a quality weight-gain powder but probably not a meal replacement or a basic protein powder. Creatine is perhaps the most efficient supplement if you’re doing a high-intensity activity (see the box below), but if your primary exercise consists of aerobics and you’re aiming for an increase in work capacity, creatine would be a complete waste of money.

CASEIN-WHEY PROTEIN

SUPPLEMENTS

   Milk protein consists of 80 percent casein and 20 percent whey, and that’s the best combination for promoting a positive nitrogen balance in bodybuilders. That’s because casein is a slow-acting protein that delivers its amino acids over a period of seven hours, and whey is a fast-acting protein, peaking in 90 minutes. The faster a protein is absorbed, the faster the liver oxidizes its amino acids. That sounds bad, but whey’s rapid delivery of amino acids also favors increased protein synthesis. A longer-acting protein, such as casein, prevents the excess breakdown of protein, an anticatabolic effect, which ultimately promotes an anabolic effect—growth.

   Besides the high-quality protein content of casein/whey, the newer formulations have little or no lactose, or milk sugar, which some people have negative reactions to. The native milk proteins also provide a host of smaller proteins called peptides, many of which, such as lactoferrin, have vital health benefits. The rich cysteine content of whey acts as a precursor of glutathione, a primary endogenous antioxidant and liver detoxifier in the body.

OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS

   If you don’t eat fatty fish at least three times a week, you’ll be deficient in omega-3 fatty acids. Studies suggest that’s the case with about 80 percent of people. Since the brain is composed of 40 percent DHA, one of the omega-3s, a long-term lack may cause aberrations in brain neurotransmitter function, resulting in depression and aggression.

   Omega-3s provide numerous health benefits. Recent studies show that middle-aged people who eat diets rich in omega-3 fats have a 75 percent decreased incidence of Alzheimer’s disease. Omega-3s help prevent several types of cancer, including breast and prostate cancers. They improve insulin sensitivity and make cellular membranes more pliable so that hormones can more efficiently interact with cellular receptors. Some studies suggest that a generous intake of omega-3, at least five grams daily, blunts bodyfat synthesis and reduces inflammation, which can help relieve sore joints and muscles. You should know that there’s an initial inflammatory feature of muscular hypertrophy, or growth, that can be blunted by omega-3 fats and other drugs. The solution is simply not to take omega-3s before training.

   The liquid form of omega-3 supplements is preferred because of less “backup” after swallowing and because it takes so many capsules to give you the five-gram dosage. Capsules will do if you can stand to swallow them.

ANTIOXIDANTS

   Antioxidant is an umbrella word encompassing thousands of nutrients, including vitamins, minerals and flavonoids. Many are found in fruits and vegetables, which are often not included in sufficient quantity in typical bodybuilding diets, especially fat-loss diets. Exercise produces oxidative reactions that would normally be toxic to your body. The body’s antioxidant systems that work against oxidation are often overwhelmed by exercise. Supplemental antioxidants help them deal with numerous toxic oxidants, such as the free radicals produced when exercise pumps up your oxygen metabolism.

   Don’t fall prey to alarmist studies that not only decry the health value of dietary antioxidants, such as vitamin E, but even allege that they’re harmful. The truth is that all antioxidants work as a team. When neutralizing an oxidant, an antioxidant is often temporarily converted into an oxidant itself. Other antioxidants, however, donate an electron that converts the former antioxidant


   back to its “good guy” status. The studies that find fault with antioxidants always talk about just one antioxidant, which wrongly ignores antioxidant teamwork. Typical dietary antioxidants include vitamins E, C and B-complex as well selenium, zinc, manganese and green-tea and grapeseed extracts.

POSTWORKOUT

RECOVERY DRINKS

   Although similar to protein drinks, these also contain simple carbs and other nutrients that good research shows help promote increased muscular recovery and growth. The best protein found in such formulas is whey, which is rapidly absorbed. Simple carbs are added because they promote glycogen replenishment and insulin release.

   Studies show that recovery drinks can be used advantageously both before and immediately following training. A drink before training increases amino acid delivery to muscles because of the increased blood flow that exercise induces. Forget the notion that simple carbs will make you fat or inhibit fat burning. Any carbs taken within 90 minutes of training go directly toward glycogen replacement, with zero spillover into fat.

MULTIMINERAL SUPPLEMENTS

   It may seem odd to put such a common supplement as minerals on this list, but few people are aware that minerals are enzyme activators. Many vitamins, on the other hand, are coenzymes, which means that without minerals they’re useless. Many minerals, such as zinc and chromium, also interact with various anabolic hormones, such as testosterone, growth hormone and insulin. Since most vitamin-and-mineral combinations have sufficient vitamin content but skimp on minerals, it’s prudent to take a high-potency multimineral containing all the ones you need. That’s particularly important if you’re on a diet that restricts food groups, such as dairy products, which are the best source of calcium.

GREEN TEA

   Although green tea is an antioxidant, research on it is so impressive that I chose to list it alone. The active ingredients in green tea are a group of antioxidant compounds known as catechins. The most active catechin goes under the acronym of EGCG, and it’s about 100 times more potent in antioxidant activity than vitamins E and C.

   Green tea offers many health benefits, such as inhibition of cardiovascular disease and cancer. It also has some mild thermogenic effects, independent of its caffeine content, that may assist fat loss. Some studies even show that green tea offers protection against joint degeneration. If you don’t have the time or inclination to drink several cups of green tea daily, you can get the same or better effects by using standardized capsules or tablets of green tea.

FIBER SUPPLEMENTS

   Unless you eat the minimal five servings a day of various fruits and vegetables, you are likely not taking in enough fiber. The popular low-carbohydrate diets are all deficient in fiber. Fiber helps lower total body inflammation and protects against elevated blood lipids and blood pressure. Soluble fiber (such as guar gum or psyllium) taken just before a meal containing simple or high-glycemic-index carbs will slow the entry of the carbs into the blood. That means less insulin release, less bodyfat and a stabilized blood glucose level.

   Fiber comes in two forms: insoluble and soluble. A cheap and effective source of insoluble fiber is unprocessed wheat bran. Forms of soluble fiber include pectin, guar gum, psyllium and oatmeal. You need both forms to obtain fiber’s many benefits.

   Other supplements could easily have been included here, but these are considered the most useful and effective for the majority of bodybuilders and athletes. Although food should always come first, supplements offer an effective alternative for getting nutrients that either aren’t available in sufficient quantity in food or are in foods that you may not be eating.

  
©,2013 Jerry Brainum. Any reprinting in any type of media, including electronic and foreign is expressly prohibited.
 

Have you been ripped off by supplement makers whose products don’t work as advertised? Want to know the truth about them? Check out Jerry Brainum's book Natural Anabolics, available at JerryBrainum.com

 
 

The Applied Ergogenics blog is a collection of articles written and published by Jerry Brainum over the past 20 years. These articles have appeared in Muscle and Fitness, Ironman, and other magazines. Many of the posts on the blog are original articles, having appeared here for the first time. For Jerry’s most recent articles, which are far more in depth than anything that appears on this blog site, please subscribe to his Applied Metabolics Newsletter, at www.appliedmetabolics.com. This newsletter, which is more correctly referred to as a monthly e-book, since its average length is 35 to 40 pages, contains the latest findings about nutrition, exercise science, fat-loss, anti-aging, ergogenic aids, food supplements, and other topics. For 33 cents a day you get the benefit of Jerry’s 53 years of writing and intense study of all matters pertaining to fitness,health, bodybuilding, and disease prevention.

 

See Jerry's book at  http://www.jerrybrainum.com

 

Want more evidence-based information on exercise science, nutrition and food supplements, ergogenic aids, and anti-aging research? Check out Applied Metabolics Newsletter at www.appliedmetabolics.com